opentiss: SLES 11的Ruby开发框架Rails配置

今天在我的小服务器上配置了一下Ruby的Rails开发框架，发现Ruby的确非常好用。
我的小机器上安装的是Novell SLES 11.0，参考Configuring Ruby Rails for Apache on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server、Ruby on Rails 2.1.x Scaffolding及Rails, Apache2 and SUSE，采用Apache的fastcgi模块访问实验虚拟主机www.dws.cn。
首先通过YaST安装必要的软件包，主要是以下几个：

FastCGI
ruby
ruby-devel
ruby-fcgi
ruby-mysql
rubygem-rails
rubygem-rake
rubygems

另外，还需要通过下载rpm安装apache2-mod_fastcgi，下载链接为：apache2-mod_fastcgi-2.4.2-39.1.i586.rpm。下载完成后直接安装即可：

rpm -ivh apache2-mod_fastcgi-2.4.2-39.1.i586.rpm

一切就绪后，准备运行第一个Rails应用：

dws:~ # cd /srv/www/htdocs/
dws:/srv/www/htdocs # rails www.dws.cn
      create
      create app/controllers
      create app/helpers
      create app/models
      create app/views/layouts
      create config/environments
      create config/initializers
      create db
      create doc
      create lib
      create lib/tasks
      create log
      create public/images
      create public/javascripts
      create public/stylesheets
      create script/performance
      create script/process
      create test/fixtures
      create test/functional
      create test/integration
      create test/unit
      create vendor
      create vendor/plugins
      create tmp/sessions
      create tmp/sockets
      create tmp/cache
      create tmp/pids
      create Rakefile
      create README
      create app/controllers/application.rb
      create app/helpers/application_helper.rb
      create test/test_helper.rb
      create config/database.yml
      create config/routes.rb
      create config/initializers/inflections.rb
      create config/initializers/mime_types.rb
      create config/initializers/new_rails_defaults.rb
      create config/boot.rb
      create config/environment.rb
      create config/environments/production.rb
      create config/environments/development.rb
      create config/environments/test.rb
      create script/about
      create script/console
      create script/dbconsole
      create script/destroy
      create script/generate
      create script/performance/benchmarker
      create script/performance/profiler
      create script/performance/request
      create script/process/reaper
      create script/process/spawner
      create script/process/inspector
      create script/runner
      create script/server
      create script/plugin
      create public/dispatch.rb
      create public/dispatch.cgi
      create public/dispatch.fcgi
      create public/404.html
      create public/422.html
      create public/500.html
      create public/index.html
      create public/favicon.ico
      create public/robots.txt
      create public/images/rails.png
      create public/javascripts/prototype.js
      create public/javascripts/effects.js
      create public/javascripts/dragdrop.js
      create public/javascripts/controls.js
      create public/javascripts/application.js
      create doc/README_FOR_APP
      create log/server.log
      create log/production.log
      create log/development.log
      create log/test.log

如果一切正常，第一个Rails应用就成功布置完成了，运行以下命令运行这个应用的服务器脚本：

dws:/srv/www/htdocs/www.dws.cn # ruby script/server
=> Booting WEBrick...
=> Rails 2.1.2 application started on http://0.0.0.0:3000
=> Ctrl-C to shutdown server; call with --help for options
[2009-07-21 12:31:22] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1
[2009-07-21 12:31:22] INFO ruby 1.8.7 (2008-08-11) [i586-linux]
[2009-07-21 12:31:22] INFO WEBrick::HTTPServer#start: pid=3547 port=3000

可以通过http://localhost:3000/来访问示例页面，如果不是从服务器本机访问，请先暂时停止SLES 11.0的防火墙，否则通过其他主机无法验证刚才创建的Rails应用是否已经能够正常运行。下图为通过ip由其他主机访问刚才创建的示例页面的屏幕截图：

通过Yast启用Apache的rewite、vhost_alias服务器模块：

上图显示默认这两项是禁用的，将其状态转换为启用即可。
服务器模块fastcgi可能无法直接通过YaST启用，可以直接在配置文件/etc/sysconfig/apache2的第103行的最后添加fastcgi来启用：

上图显示添加后的结果。
可以通过YaST来添加vhost，也可以手动添加，配置文件（/etc/apache2/vhosts.d/yast2_vhosts.conf）的内容如下：

<VirtualHost 10.15.76.105>
DocumentRoot /srv/www/htdocs/www.dws.cn/public
ServerName www.dws.cn
ServerAdmin opentiss@gmail.com
AddHandler fastcgi-script .fcgi
AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
<Directory /srv/www/htdocs/www.dws.cn/public>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule ^$ index.html [QSA]
RewriteRule ^([^.]+)$ $1.html [QSA]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ dispatch.fcgi [QSA,L]
ErrorDocument 500 "<h2>Application error</h2>Rails application failed to start properly."
Options ExecCGI FollowSymLinks
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>

为使手动添加的虚拟主机选项生效，重启Apache：

/etc/init.d/apache2 restart

修改浏览主机的/etc/hosts文件，添加如下内容，以使其能够通过域名访问虚拟主机：

10.15.76.105 www.dws.cn

如果一切正常，浏览器的显示应该如下图所示：

这就表明通过Apache的服务器模块fastcgi访问Rails应用已经配置成功了。
下面我们来创建一个简单的MySQL数据库交互应用。首先，创建MySQL数据库脚本文件dws.sql，内容如下：

create database `dws` default character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;
grant all privileges on dws.* to 'dws'@'localhost' identified by 'dws' with grant option;
use dws;

create table websites (
id int(8) not null auto_increment,
siteName varchar(128) ,
domainName varchar(128) ,
onlineDate date ,
introduce text ,
primary key(id)
);

insert into websites values(0, 'opentiss', 'opentiss.net', '2007-9-2', 'Opentiss\'s website.');
insert into websites values(0, 'Wikan translation', 'wikan.opentiss.net', '2009-7-11', 'Wikan translation - 维勘翻译');
insert into websites values(0, 'openJDiary', 'openjdiary.opentiss.net', '2009-7-18', 'Project page of openJDiary.');

执行此脚本文件：

mysql -u root < dws.sql

为测试方便，将原来的Rails应用更名，以生成一个自动配置好的MySQL数据库交互应用：

dws:/srv/www/htdocs # mv www.dws.cn dws
dws:/srv/www/htdocs # rails -d mysql www.dws.cn

将/srv/www/htdocs/www.dws.cn/config/database.yml中的development配置更新为刚才创建的数据库，例如：

development:
adapter: mysql
encoding: utf8
database: dws
username: root
password:
socket: /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

主要是更改了数据库名称设置database。然后创建对表websites查看、修改、删除的示例页面（scaffold操作）：

dws:/srv/www/htdocs # cd www.dws.cn
dws:/srv/www/htdocs/www.dws.cn # ruby script/generate scaffold website siteName:string domainName:string onlineDate:date introduce:text

此时在浏览器中看到的效果如下：